Peptides are short chains of amino acids, typically containing 2-50 amino acids. Peptides are distinguished from proteins on the basis of size, as peptides contain less than 50 amino acids whereas proteins consist of greater than 50 amino acids.
Some key facts about peptides:
- Peptides are synthesized by linking amino acids together via peptide bonds.
- They have a wide range of biological functions, including acting as hormones, neurotransmitters, and antibiotics.
- Many peptides play crucial roles in the human body related to health, wellness, aging, and aesthetics.
- Notable peptide hormones in humans include insulin, oxytocin, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
What do peptides do?
Peptides have an extremely diverse range of functions in the human body. Here are some of the key things they do:
- Regulate physiological processes - Peptide hormones like insulin and glucagon help regulate glucose metabolism and homeostasis.
- Transmit signals in the nervous system - Neuropeptides act as neurotransmitters and signaling molecules in the nervous system.
- Fight microbes - Many organisms use peptides as intrinsic antibiotics to defend against bacteria, fungi and viruses.
- Build muscle - Peptides like GHRP6 help increase growth hormone production needed for muscle growth and development.
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What are some examples of peptides?
Here are a few key peptide examples and their roles:
- Oxytocin - This neuropeptide acts as both a hormone and neurotransmitter. It plays important roles in reproductive and social behaviors.
- Glucagon - This peptide hormone is released by the pancreas and helps regulate glucose levels by stimulating the liver to break down glycogen into glucose.
- Carnosine - This dipeptide functions as a potent anti-oxidant and anti-aging compound. It is highly concentrated in muscle and brain tissues.
- Antimicrobial peptides - Peptides released by many organisms demonstrate broad-spectrum anti-bacterial, anti-viral and anti-fungal activity as part of innate immune defenses.
In summary, peptides are short chains of amino acids that play integral roles in many physiological processes. From hormone signaling to immune defenses, muscle building and more, peptides have wide-reaching impacts on human health and performance. Consult a qualified medical professional for personalized advice on intelligent peptide supplementation.